{"id":2479,"date":"2026-08-17T11:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T11:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/?p=2479"},"modified":"2026-09-23T20:46:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T20:46:11","slug":"complete-guide-to-transformer-protection-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/blog\/complete-guide-to-transformer-protection-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 &amp; An to\u00e0n M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, qu\u00e1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 so l\u1ec7ch. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u z\u00edc-z\u1eafc, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecf m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed3ng v\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a, v\u00e0 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<h3>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p. D\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft l\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t qua cu\u1ed9n kh\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n<p>Cu\u1ed9n kh\u00e1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n<p>Cu\u1ed9n d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang b\u00f9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t dung kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<section class=\"lbaji-article-table\"><h2>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/h2><p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/th><th scope=\"col\">C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td><td>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf.<\/td><td>N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/td><td>D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p.<\/td><td>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecf m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba<\/td><td>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/td><td>B\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00ednh, h\u1ed9p c\u00e1p, thanh ray v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef chi<\/td><td>Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef chi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh.<\/td><td>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 so l\u1ec7ch<\/td><td>T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng (CT), c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/td><td>R\u01a1-le s\u1ed1 b\u00f9 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch pha nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e3m s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><\/section><h2>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecf m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n<p>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00ednh, h\u1ed9p c\u00e1p, thanh ray v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong th\u1eddi gian c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Transformer tank bonded by copper conductor to a substation grounding grid\" src=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/transformer-earth-grid-bonding.png\"\/><figcaption>Th\u00f9ng m\u00e1y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00ednh, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 m\u00e0n ch\u1eafn c\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u1ea1m\u2014ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u2014m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi sau khi thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef chi<\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh z\u00edch-z\u1eafc t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n kh\u00e1ng trung t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zigzag grounding transformer installed beside medium-voltage switchgear\" src=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/zigzag-grounding-transformer.png\"\/><figcaption>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p z\u00edch z\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a trung t\u00ednh, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng, t\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 so l\u1ec7ch:<\/strong> so s\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00f9 xung quanh v\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1ea1y cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/strong> d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u01a1 le Buchholz<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3u b\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3i \u00e1p\/\u00c1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t:<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong> c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o\/t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/strong> c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t:<\/strong> h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p do s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Earth-fault schemes may use a core-balance current transformer (CBCT) to measure residual current around the circuit conductors. Review the <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/blog\/what-is-core-balance-current-transformer\/\">CBCT working, wiring and relay-matching guide<\/a> alongside the approved protection drawing.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 so l\u1ec7ch<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng (CT) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 qua m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. R\u01a1-le s\u1ed1 b\u00f9 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch pha c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e3m s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2>An to\u00e0n Ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eadp l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n xung quanh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4. H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a, bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o v\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda x\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n<p>Primary and secondary breakers or fuses must tolerate energization inrush and normal overload while protecting the transformer thermal and through-fault limits. Coordinate with downstream devices so external feeder faults do not unnecessarily trip the transformer incomer. For fuse-family guidance, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/blog\/huong-dan-cau-chi-may-bien-ap\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/a>. DGA trend analysis can add condition evidence but does not replace electrical protection coordination; see our <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/blog\/dga-monitoring-prevent-transformer-failure\/\">transformer DGA monitoring guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/san-pham\/35kv-oil-immersed-power-transformer\/\">M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u 35 kV<\/a> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/san-pham\/kyn61-40-5-armouring-removable-ac-metal-enclosed-switchgear\/\">T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf KYN61-40.5<\/a>. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/san-pham\/35kv-new-energy-box-type-chinese-type-substation\/\">tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi 35 kV<\/a> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng (CT), c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ch th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng so l\u1ec7ch, ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00ed, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m SCADA.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u1eaft t\u1eebng c\u1ea7u dao li\u00ean quan qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Transformer differential protection relay and trip-circuit test equipment\" src=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/transformer-protection-relay-testing.png\"\/><figcaption>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng (CT), logic r\u01a1-le v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i c\u1eaft m\u00e1y c\u1eaft.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>Transformer work requires isolation, lockout\/tagout, absence-of-voltage verification, discharge, grounding and control of induced or backfeed sources. Neutral conductors and grounding resistors can remain hazardous during faults. Only qualified personnel should switch, test or maintain transformer systems. For a broader discussion of selecting diagnostic methods and recording results, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/blog\/how-to-test-a-transformer\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- lbaji-dataforseo-gaps:start -->\n<section class=\"lbaji-serp-gap\"><h2>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef Z v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2><p>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u z\u00edch-d\u1eafc t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng tr\u1edf cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn (kVA) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p><\/section>\n<section class=\"lbaji-serp-gap\"><h2>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i - n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2><p>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch; li\u00ean k\u1ebft thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn quay v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1edbn c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00f5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00f5i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng.<\/p><\/section>\n<!-- lbaji-dataforseo-gaps:end -->\n<!-- lbaji-references:start -->\n<section aria-labelledby=\"technical-references-heading\" class=\"lbaji-technical-references\">\n<h2 id=\"technical-references-heading\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/588\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1ef1c IEC 60076-1<\/a> \u2014 Ph\u1ea1m vi, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/cmei\/buildings\/distribution-transformers\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3: M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/a> \u2014 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1926\/1926SubpartV\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a OSHA<\/a> \u2014 C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xung quanh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<!-- lbaji-references:end -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vi sai, qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9,...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[60,69],"class_list":["post-2479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transformers","tag-power-transformer","tag-transformer-protection"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2479"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3710,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions\/3710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lbajiele.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}